it kind of is

it means your knowledge gets so grooved that new problems slide into old categories

it is the shadow side of expertise

expertise helps you see patterns fast

entrenchment makes you see the same pattern too fast

yes

and autocomplete is useful until it confidently finishes the wrong sentence

near Chapter 11: learning to drop familiar tools

the public summaries frame it as the danger of carrying old methods into changed situations

a company keeps measuring a product by the metric that made version 1 succeed

then version 2 has a different job, but the team still worships the old dashboard

the metric was not stupid

it just got promoted from useful signal to religion

yep

unlearning is hard because the old frame has receipts

it worked before, so it feels responsible

it gives you comparison material

if you have worked across domains, you have more ways to ask “what else could this be?”

exactly

not random categories. tested ones from other contexts

sometimes the harder skill is subtracting knowledge

not forgetting facts, but loosening the old interpretation

ask 3 questions

what assumption are we treating as physics?

what changed since that assumption was useful?

what would a smart outsider name this problem?

then run a small test that could embarrass the old frame

if the test cannot possibly change your mind, it is theater

that is Range here: expertise plus deliberate escape hatches

gently. metrics have feelings probably